It's the 'Person first' - then the disability

If you saw a person in a wheelchair unable to get up the stairs into a building, would you say "there is a handicapped person unable to find a ramp"? Or would you say "them is a person with a disability who. is handicapped by an inaccessible building"? What do you see first?

      • The wheelchair?
      • The physical problem?

What is the proper way to speak to or about someone who has a disability?

Consider how you would introduce someone - Jane Doe - who doesn't have a disability. You would give her name, where she lives, what she does or what she is interested in -- she likes swimming, or eating Mexican food, or watching Robert Redford movies.

Why say it differently for a person with disabilities? Every person is made up of many characteristics - mental as well as physical -- and few want to be identified only by their ability to play tennis or by their love for fried onions or by the mole that's on their face. Those are just parts of US. In speaking or writing, remember that children or adults with disabilities are like everyone else - except they happen to have a disability. Therefore, here are a few tips for improving your language related to disabilities and handicaps.

  1. Speak of the person first, then the disability.
  2. Emphasize abilities, not limitations.
  3. Do not label people as part of a disability group - don't say "the disabled"; say "people with disabilities."
  4. Don't give excessive praise or attention to a person with a disability; don't patronize them.
  5. Choice and independence are important; let the person do or speak for him/herself as much as possible; if addressing an adult, say "Bill" instead of "Billy."
  6. A disability is a functional limitation that interferes with a person's ability to walk, hear, talk, learn, etc.; use handicap to describe a situation or barrier imposed by society, the environment or oneself.
SAY . . , INSTEAD OF 
Child with a disability Disabled or handicapped child
Person with cerebral palsy Palsied, or C.P., or spastic
Person who has (or with)____________ Afflicted, suffers from, victim
Without speech Nonverbal mute. or dumb
Developmental delay Slow
Emotional disorder or mental illness  Crazy or insane
Deaf or hearing impaired and communicates with sign Deaf and dumb
Uses a wheelchair Wheelchair bound or confined to a wheelchair
Person with mental retardation Retarded
Person with epilepsy Epileptic
With Down Syndrome Mongoloid
Has a learning disability Learning disabled
No-disability Normal, healthy
Congenital disability Birth defect
Condition Disease (unless it is a disease)
Seizures Fits
Cleft lip Hare lip
Mobility impairment Lame
Medically involved or has chronic illness Sickly
Has hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) Hemiplegic
Has quadriplegia (paralysis of both arms and legs) Quadriplegic
Has paraplegia (loss of function in lower body only) Paraplegic
Of short stature Dwarf or midget

  What else can you do? If you see or hear reporters use incorrect terminology (even to save space in a headline or time on the air), call them up or send them this page so they can be aware of the appropriate words to use. Tell them it matters to you and to people with disabilities.

(Additional guidelines are available from PACER.)